Who keeps the shadow fleet afloat?

Jesse Pinster, Dimitri Tokmetzis, Birte Schohaus, Costanza Gambarini, Nathaniel Peutherer4 February 2025
Since the start of the war, Russia has generated over 800 billion euros from fossil fuel exports.

The G7 2022 oil price cap forced Russia to seek alternatives. It faced a major challenge: how to keep its oil flowing without the vessels it once relied on. To sustain its fossil fuel trade Russia had to build a new fleet, fast. It quickly found willing sellers.