Tragedy has struck Lisbon’s funicular railway. A transport expert explains how these old-fashioned trains work.

Peter Newman   The Conversation Europe4 September 2025
The deadly derailment has shone a spotlight on funicular railways.

These cable car–like transport systems are rare relics of the 19th century, found in only a few very hilly places around the world.

So how do they work? And why are they still in use?